NASA InSight spacecraft landed on Mars on Wednesday, capping seven years of work and a journey of nearly seven months.
And moments after, it sent its first pictures about the Red Planet.
The spacecraft which cost nearly a billion dollars to build
is to listen for quakes and tremors as a way to unveil the Red Planet’s inner mysteries, how it formed billions of years ago and, by extension, how other rocky planets like Earth took shape.
The unmanned spacecraft is NASA’s first to attempt to touch down on Earth’s neighbouring planet since the Curiosity rover arrived in 2012.
Today’s landing of the InSight spacecraft marked the 8th time the US has landed on Mars and it is also the first mission to study its deep interior.
More than half of 43 attempts to reach Mars with rovers, orbiters and probes by space agencies from around the world have failed.
NASA is the only space agency to have made it, and is invested in these robotic missions as a way to prepare for the first Mars-bound human explorers in the 2030s.
“We never take Mars for granted. Mars is hard,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA associate administrator for the science mission directorate, on Sunday.
The nail-biting entry, descent and landing phase begins at 11:47 am (1940 GMT) at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, home to mission control for Mars InSight.
A carefully orchestrated sequence — already fully preprogrammed on board the spacecraft — takes place over the following several minutes, coined “six and a half minutes of terror.”
Speeding faster than a bullet at 12,300 miles (19,800 kilometers) an hour, the heat-shielded spacecraft encounters scorching friction as it enters Mars’ atmosphere.
The heat shield soars to a temperature of 2,700 Fahrenheit (about 1,500 Celsius). Radio signals may be briefly lost.
The heat shield is discarded, the three landing legs deploy, and the parachute pops out.
“We freefall for just a little bit, which is an absolutely terrifying thought for me,” said Tom Hoffman, project manager of InSight.
But then the thrusters begin to fire, further slowing down the 800-pound (365 kilogram) spacecraft to a speed of just about 5 mph when it reaches the surface.
Since there is no joystick back on Earth for this spacecraft, and no way to intervene if anything goes wrong, Hoffman described his emotions as mixed.
“I am completely comfortable and completely nervous at the same time,” he said.
“We have done everything we can think to make sure we are going to be successful, but you just never know what is going to happen.”
Hoffman added that he has “not been sleeping that great,” though he said that might be because of his rambunctious toddlers, who are two and four years old.
When the first signal arrives at 2001 GMT, hopefully showing that the lander set itself down, intact and upright, “I am totally going to unleash my inner four-year-old at that point,” he said.
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